Gill, Chris
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Recent Submissions
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Variability in the unregulated opioid market in the context of extreme rates of overdose
(Elsevier, 2022-06-01)Background: Drug checking uses analytical chemistry technologies to report on the composition of drugs from the unregulated market to reduce substance use-related risks, while additionally allowing for monitoring ... -
Rapid and accurate etizolam detection using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for community drug checking
(Elsevier, 2022-04)Background: In British Columbia, Canada, illicit opioids have been increasingly combined with etizolam, a benzo- diazepine analog, that continues to challenge popular portable drug checking technologies as it is often ... -
Portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in drug checking: Detection of carfentanil and etizolam in expected opioid samples
(Elsevier, 2021-11)Background: There has been a recent increase in adulteration of opioids with low concentration actives such as fentanyl analogues and benzodiazepines. As drug checking projects using vibrational spectroscopy continue to ... -
A new quantitative drug checking technology for harm reduction: Pilot study in Vancouver, Canada using paper spray mass spectrometry
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2021-08-04)Introduction. Drug checking services for harm reduction and overdose prevention have been implemented in many jurisdictions as a public health intervention in response to the opioid overdose crisis. This study demonstrates ... -
Direct mass spectrometric analysis of naphthenic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in waters impacted by diluted bitumen and conventional crude oil
(Elsevier, 2021-04-15)The accidental release of hydrocarbons has well-documented, deleterious impacts on the hydrosphere. There are several classes of toxic petroleum derived compounds, such as naphthenic acids (NAs) and polycyclic aromatic ... -
Direct, isomer-specific quantitation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils using membrane introduction mass spectrometry and chemical ionization
(American Chemical Society, 2020-12-01)Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are routinely screened for in soils, where quantitation of structural isomers is critical due to varying toxicity within PAH isomer classes. While chromatographic methods provide ... -
A field portable membrane introduction mass spectrometer with in-line standard infusion and sample heat exchanger for real-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds in aqueous samples
(Elsevier on behalf of KeAi Communications, 2020-09-22)Maintaining a steady sample temperature when analyzing real-time samples in the field is crucial for Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (MIMS). Diffusion through the membrane interface is temperature dependent, and ... -
Rapid and quantitative determination of fentanyls and pharmaceuticals from powdered drug samples by paper spray mass spectrometry
(Wiley-VCH, 2020-08-22)Paper spray mass spectrometry is presented as a direct, quantitative tool for the measurement of pharmaceutical drugs and a variety of fentanyl analogs in solid samples and powder slurries with the ultimate goal of ... -
[Pre-print] Direct analysis of naphthenic acids in constructed wetland samples by condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry
(Elsevier, 2020-05-10)The application of direct mass spectrometry techniques to the analysis of complex samples has a number of advantages including reduced sample handling, higher sample throughput, in situ process monitoring, and the potential ... -
Condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry with in situ liquid reagent chemical ionization in a liquid electron ionization source (CP-MIMS-LEI/CI)
(American Chemical Society, 2020-03-02)Direct mass spectrometry has grown significantly due to wide applicability, relative ease of use, and high sample throughput. However, many current direct mass spectrometry methods are largely based on ambient ionization ... -
Mapping the geospatial distribution of atmospheric BTEX compounds using portable mass spectrometry and adaptive whole air sampling
(Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University, 2020-03)Atmospheric environmental monitoring with mobile laboratories is becoming more common as instrumentation evolves and the benefits of taking the lab-to-sample are realized. One of the benefits of this approach is the ... -
[Post-print] Discrimination and geo-spatial mapping of atmospheric VOC sources using full scan direct mass spectral data collected from a moving vehicle
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020-01)Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (S/VOCs) are ubiquitous in the environment, come from a wide variety of anthropogenic and biogenic sources, and are important determinants of environmental and human health due ... -
[Post-print] Paper spray mass spectrometry: A new drug checking tool for harm reduction in the opioid overdoes crisis
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019-08-20)Fentanyl and related psychoactive substances are at the forefront of the opioid overdose crisis, for which a complete solution is not immediately obvious. Drug testing for harm reduction may be an effective approach to ... -
[Post-print] A new mass spectrometry based approach for organic synthesis monitoring
(American Chemical Society, 2019-08-12)Current mass spectrometry-based methodologies for synthetic organic reaction monitoring largely use electrospray ionization (ESI), or other related atmospheric pressure ionization-based approaches. Monitoring of ... -
[Post-print] Direct measurement of acid dissociation constants of trace organic compounds at nanmolar levels in aqueous solution by condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019-06-18)We report the use of condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry as a novel method for the determination of acid dissociation constants for hydrophobic organic acids in aqueous solution at nanomolar concentrations. ... -
[Post-print] Direct quantitation and characterization of fatty acids in salmon tissue by condensed phase membrane introduction mass spectrometry (CP-MIMS) using a modified donor phase
(Springer Nature, 2019-01)Existing mass spectrometric methods for the analysis of fatty acids often require derivatization, chromatographic separations and/or extensive sample preparation. Direct mass spectrometry strategies can avoid these ... -
Direct analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in soil and aqueous samples using condensed phase membrane introduction tandem mass spectrometry with low energy liquid electron ionization
(American Chemical Society, 2018-12-18)Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are listed as priority pollutants by the US EPA. PAH contaminated samples often require extensive sample cleanup before analysis, with the method used dependent upon the sample matrix. ... -
[Post-print] Rapid analysis of fentanyls and other novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in substance use disorder patient urine using paper spray mass spectrometry
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018-08-15)RATIONALE: Drug overdose deaths due to fentanyls and other novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are on the rise. The higher potencies of fentanyl analogs compared with morphine require new technologies to identify and ... -
[Post-print] Paper spray mass spectrometry for the direct, semi-quantitative measurement of fentanyl and norfentanyl in complex matrices
(Elsevier, 2018-04)Background: Fentanyl is a potent, synthetic opioid at the centre of an international health crisis that has seen thousands of fatal overdoses. Most analytical methods focus on the detection of fentanyl in blood and/or ... -
[Post-print] Discrimination of constructed air samples using multivariate analysis of full scan membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) data
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018-02-28)RATIONALE: Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (S/VOCs) are important atmospheric pollutants affecting both human and environmental health. They are directly measured as an unresolved mixture using membrane ...
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